Solar thermal heating systems for domestic use in the uk Dissertation

Solar thermal heating systems for domestic use in the uk - Dissertation Example In the case that solar power is useful in the United Kingdom, the cost of the installation will be put into context with the theoretical energy savings using the information from one British household. This information will be applied to thermal heating systems for use in central heating. In many countries, full solar electricity systems are not viable. In these cases, solar energy can still be utilised to lower the dependence on fossil fuels, and can be transformed into central heating or hot water. These systems do not generally rely on photovoltaic plates to convert the energy, as these are particularly expensive, but instead use one of two main systems: direct or indirect. These systems were tested in the course of this paper and were both found to be cost-effective and viable for the house in question in the United Kingdom. This was compared with the results from using photovoltaic plates to provide electricity to show the difference in benefits gained in the UK. Introduction So lar Power Solar power is one of the most popular renewable energy technologies available (Tiwari, 2002) and is gaining appreciation due to the increasing amount of emphasis on fossil fuels and how they affect the environment. Solar power relies on converting solar energy to usable fuel energy (Larson & West, 1996) generally for electricity. Solar power generally relies on the use of photovoltaic plates, which are essentially cells containing some photovoltaic material which can capture light from the sun and turn it into electricity. They rely on the photoelectric effect. Photovoltaic plates are generally made from silicon (DeWinter, 1990). Solar energy can be directed onto these plates at a greater intensity by using mirrors or lenses to reflect the sunlight onto them. Tracking devices can also be used. In this case, the photovoltaic plates are attached to a sensor mechanism, and can be moved automatically to face the direction in which they will capture most solar energy (Tiwari, 2002). One of the main problems with solar power is that it can only be used during sunlight, meaning that at night time or during dark weather there is no electricity from this method (Tiwari, 2002). To get around this, sunlight should be stored during peak hours for use at later points. There are many storage mechanisms available. One of these is the use of molten salts to store energy at high temperatures. These are a favoured storage type because they are low cost and have a high specific heat capacity (DeWinter, 1990). Another way of storing solar energy is to use rechargeable batteries. These must be of considerable size for use in public solar energy plants. Battery storage can also be used by people with domestic solar energy sources, and a measuring system is available that gives credit to homeowners that supply their excess electricity (Tiwari, 2002). The energy can also be stored in water using a hydroelectricity technique. A final method of storing energy is artificial p hotosynthesis, which relies on nanotechnology to stored the energy in chemical bonds, which can be broken to release the energy again. There are some new sources of solar energy that are being considered, although these are generally not applicable to domestic systems. One suggestion is that solar energy be captured in space. This has the benefit of not using any habitable land and does

Google Inc Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Google Inc Case Study - Essay Example The growth in Google had been witnessed on basing the CPC bids against the duration of actual CTR (Click-through rate) (Edelman and Eisenmann 3). The provision developed the system to accord Google the ability to present the most relevant ads a higher stature as compared to the least influential ads. Google managed to increase the revenues with the system that saw the company contain ads with high CPC bid against a decreased CTR that presented minimal revenue. Furthermore, as compared to Overture, the company did not conduct marketing campaigns that saw an increased 24.5 million user group attracting leading companies like AOL (Edelman and Eisenmann 3). The network also attracted advertisers with the presentation of advance search traffic with minimal CPC bids. Google had to articulate other advertisement measures because the online ad campaigns would grow less popular with the increasing complains from the customers. These measures were also susceptible to hackers as compared to traditional media that offered more security. Furthermore, the company needed to establish its dominance in the market through the acquisition of capital ventures like YouTube in 2006. Through the introduction of the added channels, Google boasted of an increased user group surfacing competition from other leading companies like Yahoo. To maintain the witnessed growth, Google should retain the focus on the line of operation and advance the search solutions via targeted advertising. The expansion in advertising would utilize added methods in advertising beyond the World Wide Web. These are realized in print, mobile, and other traditional advertising measures. Google should also focus on expanding into a full portal as depicted by rival companies in Yahoo and MSN.

The Impact Of American Revolution In USA History Essay

The Impact Of American Revolution In USA History Essay The Impact the American Revolution had on the shaping of the United States concepts of freedom, justice and liberty for all. The American Revolution War stilffed the new republic desire for justice, equality and freedom. The peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. There were various preliminary acts that dealt with the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. Some of the many causes of the American Revolutionary War between the years of 1775 1783 came as results of people growing angry about taxes and many laws in which the people thought were unfair for them. Like most Americans, they chose several ways of fighting back to gain their independence. Some individuals protested by joining groups that were already formed while others used written methods to achieve the same outcome. Either approach chosen inspired those in leadership positions to create their own country. There were more than two million people living in the 13 British colonies during the mid-1700s. Some were naturally born individuals in the New World others moved and a place to call home. Many of the immigrants left England to come to America. They traveled from England, Holland, Scotland, Germany and Ireland. Some of the countries had fought in war and had on going problems which existed for many years found them working to build neighborhoods and families together. For some it meant learning new skills and occupations. Great Britain ruled many of the colonies therefore; the people considered themselves British citizens. They were protected by the British army and became loyal to the Britains king. However, they were bound by the customs and the laws of England. Great Britain and France went to war in the 1750s, at the end of the war it would be determined which country would be in control. The war was called the Indian and French War because some many Indians were fighting for France. The war was won by Britain and it controlled the land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River and from Georgia to Maine, making it a safer place for those who settled in Britain. This new territory left many settlers angry because the new king wanted to restrict their movement to the west. The cost of the French and Indian War was very costly for Britain, therefore, the government passed a special tax to help with the cost but the tax was only for the American colonists. This became known as the Stamp Act. This act required Americans to buy a special stamp to put on any and all printed paper, such as marriage licenses, newspapers and the like. The colonists became angry with this ruling and felt that if people in England were not required to pay a tax neither should they. The colonists decided they were not going to pay the tax. One of the tactics used to support their decision was to scare off the stamp sellers. Once the act received support no one was available to collect the funds. The people in the colonies had no representatives in Parliament. This meant they never got to vote on any Britains law. They decided they did not want to pay taxes unless they had a say. The colonists took a stand on their belief on the Stamp Act so the Parliament repealed the act. A new set of taxes were passed. Theses taxes were called the Townsend Acts. Theses laws taxed paper, paint, glass, tea and lead. As a result of this act, continued anger for the people in America escalated. The colonists decided to boycott the British goods. The boycott was successful and the government repeals the taxes. Great Britain became angry with the boycott and sent 4,000 soldiers to Boston. The colonists were out numbered three to one. Innocent people were killed. When the repeal on the Townshend Acts was made, the Parliament decided to keep the tax on tea. The Parliament passed what was called the Tea Act. Only certain shop owners were allowed to import and sell tea. This was to prevent Britain from having so much control over their economy. Samuel Adams, a member of the Sons of Liberty encouraged many protests. The Boston Tea Party was formed when a group of men went on ships and poured 342 chests of tea in the harbor. Following the Boston Tea Party, King George III and his form of government pass several harsh laws that affected the colonists. They called this the Intolerable Acts. These measures closed the Boston Harbor resulting in no fishing of use of the ocean for the purpose trading. Many citizens were then forced out of work, and gave the British soldiers the chance to take over the property of the colonists. More and more people grew angrier and built a stronger desire to fight for the chance to be free from all the rules and laws. By 1774 people in the colonies developed courage and wanted to increase their efforts to the next level. This allowed colonies from many areas to communicate and share their ideas and thoughts about problems they were experiencing with Great Britain. This group was referred to as the First Continental Congress. This meeting was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which was halfway between the southern colonies and New England. Their combined efforts created a message to King George stating their colonists complaints in which it was stated the king refused to read. This document was referred to as the Declaration of Rights and Grievances. The delegates attending this session instructed the leaders of the colonies to begin forming militias for the battle that they were preparing to enter. Small armies were organized which angered the British soldiers. On April 19, 1775 the British soldiers marched to Lexington, Massachusetts. The colonial militia group waited for the British. It is not known who fired the first shot, thus the battles began. Being outnumbered, the colonists had to regroup. They wanted to break away from England, but fighting to form a new country was even more challenging. From these actions, a Second Continental Congress was held. It was decided to combine the small armies into a large Continental Army. The colonies had many concerns, Could they defeat the powerful Great Britain? Could they really choose their own leaders? Could they win, and what would they do without a king to tell them how to live? Thomas Paine the author of Common Sense pamphlet gave some advice that help the colonists realize the best thing for them to do was to break bonds with England. So in July 1776, the Continental Congress sent the Declaration of Independence to King George. What this meant was they were no longer colonists, nor British citizens, but Americans. a) There were various preliminary acts that dealt with beginning of the American Revolutionary War. The main cause of the American Revolution was the Royal Proclamation of 1763. After the French and Indian war was over many opportunities arose for the colonist such as moving to the western frontier. With the proclamation in effect,   all the territory west and northwest of the river were not accessible to them not including the all the territory from Ohio to Mississippi rivers. It also established four new colonies Quebec, East Florida, West Florida, and Grenada, but it was mostly directed towards Indian territories. The King and the Indians agreed that they were not in favor of the settlers issues. Parliament was aware of the Indians association with the colonist, and they recognized that they would not have any values towards boundaries. The border extended from the Atlantic all the way to the new border. The British claimed that these posts were for colonial defense and the colo nies should pay for it themselves. Another reason for the American Revolution is the war between the Great Britain and France know as the French and Indian war. Great Britain used most of the money on the war which caused them to go into debt, to earn their money back they forced taxes on their colonies. The Sugar Act was approved by the English Parliament in 1764, to cover the debt brought on by the war. The money was used to pay for the operating cost of running colonies and territories. It also, increased the taxes on other imported items such as sugar textiles, coffee, and wines. After the colonist expressed their concerns towards the Stamp Act, it was finally repealed. This lead to other taxes such as the Quartering Act of 1765, Stamp Act 1765, Townsend Act 1767, and Boston Tea Party 1773, and the Intolerable Act 1774.   In 1765 the Quartering Act was approved and this tax obligated the colonist to inhabit their homes for the British soldiers. Having to occupy their homes to an unfamiliar person made the colonists enraged. The following close contact with British soldiers did not produce good feelings between the sides from Britain. The government was now controlled by Charles Townsend. His main focus was support the British Parliament. Since he was the Parliaments leader he made a great impact to influence them to pass the laws for the new taxes. The requirement for the Stamp Act of 1765 was to obtain stamps so they could purchase a great deal of items. The most well known item that the stamps were required for was tea. The Stamp Act taxes varied from different things. The money was used to was assist in paying to guard the colonies. All the disputes the colonies had against the Stamp Act later calmed down when the Tea Act was approved. This act contracted domination on importing and exporting tea in America. December 16th was the day that numerous people in the Boston and surrounding areas decided to hear Samuel Adams speak. After he criticized the Governor for denying the ships consent to leave with tea on board, they headed out to the harbor. Three Ships were boarded and docked, and then about 90,000 pounds of tea were thrown overboard. Parliament issued out an agreement on a chain of acts called the Intolerable Acts. As the Intolerable acts were agreed upon the docks were closed, until the tea establishment was reimbursed for all the tea that was lost. Taxation without representation in parliament was another concern that started the war. The entire colonist felt that the Britain could not control colonies from the Atlantic Ocean. The majority of the people did not want to pay taxes on their cargo that was being imported and exported daily. b) The Declaration of Independence is a vital document in history. It is one of the most widely read documents of modern history. The ideas that were formed were based on successful and unsuccessful independence movements and revolutions even after the war ended. This decree made a distinct statement in reference to the peoples rights who lived in independent states. This document declared the people to be independent and free. The foundation of the Declaration of Independence, self-determination of rule, is expressed in the documents phrase, governments are instituted among men deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. The authors of the document felt it was necessary to secure ones God given or natural rights. The day of July 2, 1776, the affiliates of the Second Continental Congress voted for the colonist freedom. It proclaimed that the thirteen American colonies that were currently at war were no longer up under Britains rules. A second vote was held by the del egates and the Declaration of Independence was approved. As this document was signed on July 4, 1776, this day came to be known as the birth of America. A vast change was made in the government because of this decree and the democratic government came to be. Thomas Jefferson declared, that governments were created to serve the people, and could only act with consent of the people. The declaration consists of numerous parts, but only two parts are essential that is the preamble and the independence of America. The preamble depicts the rights of the people and it states, that all men are created equal and have the God-given right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The second essential parts of the decree proclaim independence for the American colonist and list all the issues that the colonist had against the British. c) African Americans whether free or slaves participated in several conflicts between the English colonies and their rivals in North America. They had favorable attitudes and served with honor, bravery and distinction in the Indian and French War, the American Revolution War along with the War of 1812 just to mention a few with limited circumstances. There were some laws that excluded African-American along with Indians from military service. There were some early colonial laws and some national laws that were in place that forbid the services of African-Americans during times of conflict and war. However, at times it didnt matter what their status were, their physical strength were utilized. The American Revolutions was more than war it was a fight for liberty and freedom from slavery. Benjamin Quarles understood the role of the minorities in the American Revolution, he presented as realizing that loyalty was not to a place or a people, but to a principle. In spite of where the loyalties of minorities lay, their contribution to the United States was often overlooked. During the American Revolutionary War, minorities fought for both entities in the war while working together to fight against inequality. During the Civil War the Emancipation Proclamation was established by President Abraham Lincoln, this decree contains two executive orders. On September 22, 1862 the first order was released and it basically stated if the Civil War did not end then the all slaves would be making its way into the Western territories. If the succeeded states dont come back before January 1st then the slaves would be free. On January 1, 1863 the second order was released and specified the states where slaves were declared free.  They had to fight for their freedom. He informed them if they came back to the union the slaves would have their freedom. The Emancipation Proclamation was the African-American Declaration of Independence. It did for a few what the Declaration of Independence did for a nation. It instilled a sense of hope and taste for freedom and equality. The idea of a people securing their natural, or God-given, rights by choosing their own form of government is an idea that was never expressed before the writing of the Declaration of Independence.

The Beginnings of Anorexia :: Health, Eating Disorder

Suicide is not the answer. Although, many people might think that a statement as simple as â€Å"suicide is the answer† is the core or the main point of the poem â€Å"Anorexic† by Eavan Boland. But, those that might think the suicide is the central point of the poem are extremely wrong, there is more about that poem than must people can understand, recognize, or want to accept. Boland wrote this poem in 1980 and until today still being one the most extraordinary poem in its simplicity but also very deep in its complicity. Consequently, if a person read the poem once without any background knowledge he or she will understand what the basic idea behind the poem is; however, if the same person read the poem one more time with more information about different topics. Background knowledge about what is Anorexia and the Christian Bible would help to clarify the speaker situations, feelings and decision of commit suicide. â€Å"Flesh is heretic† (line 1) the very first grammar structure of the poem lead us to the conclusion of a war. When the speaker says these words, she was sending a subliminal message saying that her flesh what is the same as her skin is heretic, which means one who rejects. So, it is safe to assume that she thinks her that her body contradicts her. Her body is her enemy. Furthermore, she hates her body. Instantly, she supports her theory with the second sentence in which she claim, â€Å"My body is a witch.† (2) In this sentence she compares her body to a witch. A witch is an evil been, a creature that wants to hurt, a scary creature that cast spells. In this comparison speaker imply that her own body wants to hurt her and when the speaker says â€Å"How she meshed my head in the half-truths† (7 - 8) is very important because in this particular part of the poem is when the speaker actually describe that the witch is casting spells on her, making her think that she is fat when it is not the actual truth. Now the speaker claims a contra attack when she claims, â€Å"Now the bitch is burning.† (15) She also refers to the way her body is reacting to the fight, â€Å"Yes I am torching - her curves and paps and wiles.† (4 - 5) this is the way of the speaker to say I am winning this fight, I am not eating and my hips, waist, and breast are just â€Å"skin and bone† (17).

Acquiring Knowledge Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge means power; the whole world craves for knowledge, to know things, to understand, to make accurate calculations and to make wise decisions. But philosophers since ancient times struggle with the question regarding how knowledge is acquired. Is it through the physical senses – of touch, smell, hearing, seeing, and taste? Is it through reason alone? Three great philosophers tackled this question, they are Descartes, Locke, and Kant and all three of them presented three different methodologies when it comes to acquiring knowledge. The pursuit is serious and intense that a whole body of knowledge is dedicated to finding out the answers. It is called epistemology and these three philosophers will serve as guides in the quest to know the truth about knowledge. Descartes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rene Descartes is said to be the father of modern philosophy. He attempted to break with the philosophical traditions of his day by rejecting the Aristotelian philosophy of the schools which is the authority of tradition and the authority of the senses (Craig, 1998). He developed a methodology on how to investigate nature by reducing complex problems to simpler ones and then analyzed further using direct intuition (Craig, 1998). Therefore, his main argument is that by mere thinking one can discover solutions to problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interestingly Descartes had to die to his old beliefs and everything that he considered truth in order for him to determine once and for all that indeed there is a way to discover truth by mere use of intuition and not the reliance of the senses and traditions handed down from one generation to the next. His first guinea pig was himself, he had to doubt his existence to know the truth, and not simply believe that he exist because society tells him that he does exist. He had what inventors and scientists called a â€Å"eureka† moment or a moment of great insight, when he finally blurted out â€Å"Ego cogito, ergo sum† a statement in Latin famously translated as: I think, therefore I am (Broughton, 2008).   This was the breakthrough that he was looking for and he used it as a foundation from where he would build upon his theory of knowledge acquisition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descartes’ idea is cutting edge at that time. He was one of the first to establish the principle of gaining knowledge and studying things that are beyond the capabilities of the five senses. There are many aspects of mathematics that can be ascertained not by using the five senses but by the mere act of intuition. Intuitively man has the ability to know the truth; this is the main argument of Descartes. This is strengthened by the concept of prior knowledge. A good example is the ability of a baby to suck from the mother’s breast the much needed nutrients for survival. A baby is almost blind from birth and yet able to perform such actions. Locke The capability to use the sense of sight, smell, touch, hearing, and taste is one major path in gaining knowledge (Hartnack, 2001). It is in fact the ancient way of knowing the environment and the complexities of human interaction such as language and relationships. John Locke is one of the major proponents for this method of knowledge acquisition – that man has the capability of understanding the world around him by observing and utilizing the power of the five senses to harness information. Thus, it can be argued that man can only observe the world through his senses. In this model knowledge is true when it can be measured and observed through the senses. This is also known as empiricism. The significance of this method can be seen in scientific applications of the use of observation and careful measurements. Scientists, sociologists, and even philosophers from all over the world use this technique and it can even be argued that most people use empiricism without even thinking about it. It is just natural for man to use his senses to understand his environment and the stimulus that he receives every waking moment. Immanuel Kant   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kant is a central figure in modern philosophy because he was able to synthesize early modern rationalism and empiricism (Rholf, 2010). But this does not mean that Kant was completely successful in reconciling Descartes and Locke’s views concerning the acquisition of knowledge. Kant’s critics even asserted that he had made it more complicated and therefore making it harder to determine the perfect methodology that can help humans master the ability to acquire knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, Kant’s major contribution can be summed up in two statements: 1) human beings experience only appearances, not things in themselves; and 2) space and time are noting other than the subjective forms of human sensible intuition (Rohlf, 2010). This is an important conclusion because there are things that empiricism and rationalism cannot cover but can only be ascertain if there is complete understanding of everything – this is knowledge gained after using other people’s insights and breakthroughs.   For example ancient people see the sun orbiting around the earth, rationalism and empiricism will not refute that claim until there is already a capability to improve on that knowledge and modify it because now people know more about the movement of heavenly objects. Comparison   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descartes did not agree that there can only be one method when it comes to knowledge acquisition. The use of the five senses is not enough to know the truth. There are things in this world that can only be understood by accepting the existence of prior knowledge and the use of intuition. There are mathematical equations that proved useful in improving man’s existence but the steps in developing these mathematical equations was not derived by simply observing the world trough the fives senses. These came forth as a result of institution, simply because mathematical truths belong to an abstract world inaccessible by sense of smell, hearing, taste, touch, and sight. In the privacy of thought, a person can apply these mathematical equations and gain knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another weakness of using the five senses is that it is very subjective. Kant already pointed this out by stating that the five senses cannot be reliable all the time. For example the refraction of light creates optical illusions. The eye communicates to the self and says that the spoon appears to be bent. But the spoon was only perceived to be deformed because of the effect of the action of light when it passes through water. Another problematic aspect of relying on the five senses is its unreliability when human beings are subjected to harsh conditions. For example, a hiker lost in a desert will succumb to the effects of dehydration and begins to see mirage and other images that seem to be real but are not. Even with the obvious weaknesses of the empirical method of acquiring knowledge, it must also be pointed out that the five senses are indispensable tools when it comes to knowledge acquisition. No matter how subjective the five senses may seem to be it must be acknowledge that human beings can live within a community because people understand each other’s languages and respect the rules laid down by the leaders or the elders. This would have been impossible without the use of the five senses. Moreover, the aforementioned weakness of the empirical method can be easily corrected using a third-party that will help verify the information. For example a person hallucinating in the middle of a desert can be rescued by paramedics. And the perfectly healthy rescuers can help the disorientated person to gain his or her bearing. If two people disagree with regards to the exact height of the Statue of Liberty, they need not quarrel, they only need to ask an unbiased participant to measure the statue for them and settle their dispute. Thus, empiricism has only one valid weakness and it is the inability of man to know more than he should and therefore making conclusions without first knowing the big picture or having a complete understanding of the scientific law that governs a particular phenomenon. In this regard Kant’s ideas will be of great help. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descartes’ view that there is indeed prior knowledge is an important first step in knowledge acquisition. The world is so complex and at the same time working like a well-oiled machine. However, it is not enough to simply say that knowledge can be gained by mere intuition. One has to agree with Locke that the five senses are indispensable tools when it comes to understanding the world. There is a need to observe and to measure in order to know the truth. But even so there are limitations so that it is important to take into consideration what Kant said regarding the inability of the mind to make sense of everything. For example the movement of the earth and sun could never be completely understood by mere intuition or observation alone. There is no perfect methodology in epistemology; there is a need to use each method to know the truth. References Broughton, J. (2008). â€Å"Self-Knowledge.† A Companion to Descartes. MA: Blackwell   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publishing. Craig, E. (1998). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. New York: Routledge. Cicovacki, P. (2002). Between Truth and Illusion: Kant at the Crossroads of Modernity. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Hartnack, J. (2001). Kant’s Theory of Knowledge: Introduction to Critique of Pure Reason. IN: Hacket Publishing, 2001. Rohlf, M. (2010). â€Å"Immanuel Kant.† Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Accesed 27 July 2010. Avaiable from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/#TraIde   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Illegal Drug Control

Those questions are addressed in this report which reviews drug ppolicy and results in Australia. In 1998, United Nations Member States met in a Special Session of the General Assembly and agreed to take tougher action to reduce both the illicit supply of, and the demand for, drugs before 2008. Australia has taken that pledge seriously. In 1998 it introduced a â€Å"Tough on Drugs Strategy† that aims to reduce drug supply, trafficking, and demand as well as the harm caused by drugs. This Strategy seems to be working: drug use levels have dropped significantly. Indeed, the turn around has been dramatic.To improve global efforts to contain the threat posed by drugs, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) seeks to increase the body of knowledge available to ppolicy makers. That includes collecting success stories. If Australia continues to build on its recent progress, it too could become a success story and provide inspiration and valuable lessons for other countri es. This report, following a ssimilar UNODC study of Sweden’s drug ppolicy (2006), aims to contribute to a growing body of evidence that will help countries bring their drug problems under control.Antonio Maria Costa Executive Director United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 3 In response to increases in drug abuse in the 1990’s Australia implemented a vigilant drug control strategy. As this report makes clear, drug control has long been a priority of recent Governments and effective changes in recent years were due to pro-active, empirically-based drug control strategy, and a well developed system of services at the state and local levels. This report analyses the developments and changes in Australia’s drug policies over the last decades and their impact.Australia implemented a rather repressive drug control ppolicy from the beginning of the 20th century. This worked well until the 1970s. Australia shifted to harm-reduction approaches as of the mid 1980s, wit h a sthrong emphasis on prevention and treatment. This helped Australia to avoid a large-scale injecting drug use (IDU) related HIV/AIDS epidemic. In contrast to alcohol and tobacco where Australia achieved remarkable demand reduction through prevention activities, drug abuse continued rising and reached alarming levels by 1998.In 1998 Australia introduced a National Illicit Drugs Strategy â€Å"Tough on Drugs† which strengthened the supply control aspects without weakening demand-side interventions or giving up harm-reduction approaches. In the case of heroin, the strategy focused clearly on a reduction of supply. There followed higher heroin prices, lower heroin purity and ultimately substantially lower levels of heroin consumption. Drug related deaths declined, as well as drug related crime.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PROVIDES THE CLEAREST INDICATION OF A DRUG ADDICTION?Answer at this question at  https://donemyessay.com/unit-5-review/Use of other drugs also declined, both am ong the general population and among secondary school sstudents- mainly due to improved prevention and treatment activities and more funds made available by the authorities to drug control in general. The Australian National Council on Drugs (ANCD) incorporated many of the leading drug experts of the country and strengthened calls for higher budgets in the fight against the drug problem. Australia's drug ppolicy has been based on a broad ppolicy mix of supply reduction, demand reduction and harm minimisation policies. In addition, Australia has made commendable efforts at advancing the knowledge base for policy making. The country has consistently conducted in-depth research and evaluations of its various strategies and programmes – subsequently adjusting them according to efficacy. This concentration on empirically-based ppolicy formulation continues to demonstrate positive results. The drug ppolicy was largely bi-partisan in nature as the States as well as the federal Gover nment participated in its formulation and implementation (Until recently, the individual States were governed by different political parties than federal Australia). A new Australian Government, elected in late 2007, is yet to leave its mark on domestic drug strategies.

Couple Interview Marital Challenges Essay Example

Couple Interview Marital Challenges Essay Example Couple Interview Marital Challenges Essay Couple Interview Marital Challenges Essay I interviewed John and Cindy about their marriage and the challenges they’ve faced together as a married couple. I am encouraged by their relationship and have decided to use their relationship as a model for my second interview. John and Cindy have been married for almost 5 years. In addition to this union, there is McKenna, Cindy’s son. They are a blended family, of course, and are part of the more modern structure of families in our society. When reflecting upon their ideas about marriage, prior to actually being married, I noticed that Cindy’s outlook was positive. She knew she would be married one day and looked forward to it. Even though she was in a long-term romantic relationship prior to meeting John, that relationship wasn’t what she considered a foundation for a good marriage. Her former boyfriend was good friends with the family and spent a great amount of time with them. Cindy also spent a great deal of time with his family as well. This allowed them to witness each other’s family of origin. However, the time that John spends with her family, she says, is different. It’s full of quality and genuine caring for her people. John also added that Cindy’s first meeting with his mother and sister exceeded his expectations. They took to her right away and have had a good relationship ever since. As a matter of fact, several of his family members have traveled from their home states to stay with them for weeks at a time. I decided to ask about the differences between men and women, and if either of them has heard of the book Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus by author John Gray, the feedback was instant. They both chimed in with the same answer. John has always believed that men will never understand what goes on in a woman’s mind. Cindy believes that men are a different species, and not necessarily human. They way men and women problem solve, in her opinion, are polar opposites. However, when she comes to John with a problem or a task she tries to remember that she asked him for help. He doesn’t need to have the solution dictated to him; she must trust him to help in his own way. She also believes that there is more than one way to solve a problem, and it doesn’t matter whose way is used, as long as the problem is solved. I take this piece of advice to heart, as I’ve been told that I am impatient and a bit of a control freak. John states that he tries his best to work out his own dilemmas because he knows that Cindy has a stressful full-time job, and she’s also a full-time mom to McKenna. Between her schedule and McKenna’s extra-curricular activities, John doesn’t like to add anything extra on her plate if he doesn’t need to. That, he says, is the reason he takes such a large role in McKenna’s activities. It brings a sense of peace to the home when he knows his wife and son’s needs are met. Our next subject was the topic of â€Å"deadly habits† that ruin a relationship. Another excellent example of their understanding is Cindy’s approach to getting help with household chores. Instead of nagging John to take out the garbage, which is initially what she used to do, she tried a different approach. Now she asks him once or twice, and if he doesn’t get to it, she kindly lets him know how uncomfortable she is with trash sitting and the extra work it makes for her in the long run with cleaning the mess or airing out the lingering odor. She admits that she doesn’t go overboard because she is a â€Å"junky† person and doesn’t want to look like a hypocrite. John, however, has fallen into her pattern of â€Å"junkiness,† stating that he used to be quite neat and before he knew it, he had clothes on the floor right next to Cindy’s. And he appreciates her new approach when asking him to complete tasks because he feels respected and needed instead of criticized or scolded like a child. I brought up the topic of the four stages of love and asked both John and Cindy if they were aware that four stages existed. They both replied no, and I proceeded to explain each stage and ask which one they were in. John feels as if they are still in the infatuation stage, based on his love for Cindy. He doesn’t feel as if the honeymoon has ended because he loves her more each day. Cindy feels the same, but recognizes realistically that they are in the connection stage. She said they have gone through the discovery stage and now focus on staying together and constantly working to better their relationship. While it does still feel new to her, she takes into consideration the challenges they’ve overcome and the challenges that await them in the future. One of the many challenges couples face is dealing with financial issues. Cindy makes a great living and had done so prior to meeting John. And the same goes for him. But Cindy realized, upon marriage, that John was better at managing finances than she was. After being independent for many years it was an adjustment for her to have someone else make suggestions to her on saving money or cutting back on her spending. However, trusting her husband and seeing the way he managed his own money, she took his advice and is glad she did. They consult on big purchases and realize that not every dollar spent has to be accounted for to the other person. They, especially Cindy, realize that being on one accord in money matters benefits the family. It’s not about one person’s money anymore. It’s their money regardless of who makes more or who spends it. Being that John and Cindy are both in their early 40’s, I asked both of them if they felt there was an ideal age to get married. Cindy believes there isn’t an ideal age to get married. If she had met John fifteen years ago and still feels as she does now, she would have married him then. However, she is thankful that she was able to do all the things she loved doing as a single woman such as traveling, going out with girlfriends as she pleased and shopping. She’s also thankful from a parental standpoint because her habits changed after having McKenna. She was able to satisfy her single self, and can now be happy and content being a wife and mother without feeling as if she missed out on anything. John says he was content not being married or even being on the path to marriage. He feels there is no ideal age to get married. When you’re ready, you’ll know it, no matter how old or young you are. He shares Cindy’s sentiments on satisfying his single self prior to meeting and marrying her. He is content with what he accomplished on his own and now loves that they accomplish things together. From the many topics we discussed, on and off the record, I am so inspired by John and Cindy’s approach to love and life. I enjoy being in their presence because they radiate a positive vibe. I don’t enjoy being around couples that argue or have tension between them. It’s uncomfortable for me and can change the mood of the environment. I have listened to both of them intently and have related their challenges to challenges I’ve had. The approach they take toward each other is remarkable. They have a mutual respect that goes beyond loving each other. They respect each other as individuals with their own respective levels of intelligence. I appreciate the example they provide to me and to other people they encounter. I know Cindy very well and it has really pleased me to watch her grow in love with someone who compliments her so well. I have seen the subtle changes she’s made such as cooking. I’ve also seen the more apparent changes, such as the reduction in her stress level. Talking to them and watching their words in action has redefined my beliefs in marriage. I don’t have many examples of a happily married couple. But knowing that Cindy and John are in my life makes it easier for me to have a blueprint of what marriage can be.

Adobe Photoshop Essay Example

Adobe Photoshop Essay Example Adobe Photoshop Essay Adobe Photoshop Essay In the past, society has treated television, computing, graphic design, radio, games machines, music production, telephones, animation, calculators, e-mail, the Web, photography, film and video as separate technologies. Now that these applications all use digital methods, todays digital media systems can integrate them using the same hardware. A PC can serve as an interactive television, a voicemail system, a music system, a games machine, and so on. Similarly, the same software can be used on a variety of platforms. For example, computer games producers now develop multimedia games that can be played on-line on the Internet, or on a television, games machine or telephone, as well as in the normal way on a standalone computer. The term for the coming together of these hardware and software technologies is convergence. Convergence is possible because of the growth, capacity, and speed of computer components, high-speed communications, and digitising techniques for all the media. DVD is a storage medium that is replacing the videotape, audiotape, computer diskettes and CDs. In the same way, televisions, radios, computer monitors and screens, and visual displays on telephones, games machines and calculators, will eventually converge into one technology. Research shows that Digital Media involvement through video gaming and movie watching has meant there has been a steady increase in levels of obesity in many of the western countries. For example, in America levels of obesity are at an all time high, this is mainly due to the lack of exercise by the American populace. Youngsters not only in America but also in the majority of westernised countries, have totally differing lifestyles to those just 10 years ago. Nowadays youths play video games for hours and days on end, not wanting to play football in the park or join clubs such as the scouts or cubs. Health risks are imminent from playing video games for hours and with very little exercise. Repetitive Strain Injury is likely due to the constant movement in one direction; eyesight deficiencies are probable due to the glare and closeness, which you sit from the screen and back strain is also feasible due to posture instability. These are all negative cultural impacts of what Digital Media has done in our age. Crime is another sector that has been widely affected by Digital Media in both positive and negative fashions. The government and police have huge databases, with images of criminals and fingerprint recognition images, which are a huge aid in collating evidence and combating criminals. The downside to this positive impact is the crimes that Digital Media has created such as Identity theft and fraudulent activities. Impact of digital media on statistics, weather forecasting (not that we can do much still to predict disasters like the recent Tsunami) and entertainment means we can now study whilst on the move, we can watch films whilst we have a meal, we can watch the news happening in a country we are just about to land in. The speed of transfer of information has transformed communication between people at work (e-mails), people at play (instant replays of contentious sporting moments), people at prayer (flat screen displays of Popes blessings to the faithful etc. ), people at leisure (the whole gamut of films, digital broadcasts of TV programmes, interactive participation in TV add-ons, the continuing evolution of games media (X-box, PS3, etc. etc.) Those detractors from digital media forms are like believers that the earth is flat- they are in denial concerning the unstoppable progress of human inventions. Culturally we maintain our classical art examples whilst embracing new technology to create artistic masterpieces in Adobe Photoshop it is just not recognised as legitimate yet. Oscars for screensavers, the Booker Prize for databases and web pages, the Grammys for download quality MP3s Kazaa!! The futures orange? No, the futures digital Bibliography   webopedia.com.

Friends and Amici

Friends and Amici Friends and Amici Friends and Amici By Maeve Maddox English boasts numerous words to convey aspects of friendship. Some are Germanic in origin and others, Latin. An early Old English word for friend was freond. The Beowulf poet tells us that Heorot (Hrothgar’s hall) was filled with friends: Heorot innan wà ¦s freondum afylled. The opposite of Old English freond was feond: â€Å"enemy.† In modern English, the word that initially referred to a human foe has developed into the word fiend: â€Å"an evil spirit.† In the most general sense, a friend is â€Å"a person with whom one has developed a close and informal relationship of mutual trust and intimacy.† In specific contexts, friend can refer to an ally in war, the supporter of a cause, or, with a capital, a Quaker (member of the religious Society of Friends). The adjective for friend is friendly: â€Å"characteristic of or befitting a friend or friends; that expresses or is indicative of friendship or a kind and helpful attitude.† Friendly is also used as a noun to mean â€Å"an ally.† In US colonial times, â€Å"a friendly† was an indigenous person who was on peaceful terms with the settlers. In modern military parlance, friendlies are troops on the side of one’s own forces or those of one’s allies. The abstract noun for the state of being a friend is friendship. The use of friend as a verb to describe the adding of a person to a list of social media contacts (dating from 2004) is still regarded as a barbarism by many English speakers, but friend was used as a verb as early as the 13th century. For several centuries, the verb befriend was in more common use, but the modern use of friend and unfriend as verbs is idiomatic. The use of friend in the context of social media does not negate the usefulness of befriend to refer to a genuine personal contact in which one person helps another. The Latin word for friend, amicus (plural, amici), has given English several additional words to convey cordial feelings: amiability noun: quality of being friendly amiable adjective: friendly amiably adverb: in a friendly manner amicability noun: friendliness amicable adjective: done in a friendly spirit amicably adverb: in a friendly manner amity noun: friendly relations, especially of a public character The legal term amicus curiae  (plural, amici curiae), literally â€Å"friend of the court,† refers to a person or group that is not a party to a lawsuit, but has a strong interest in the matter. An amicus curiae will petition the court for permission to submit a brief in the action with the intent of influencing the courts decision. A brief is a written statement that explains one sides legal and factual arguments. The brief submitted to the court by an amicus curiae is called â€Å"an amicus brief.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)Social vs. Societal20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel

Automotive Fair Price by Todd Low Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Automotive Fair Price by Todd Low - Essay Example The time in diagnosing the car is separate from the time used in fixing the car. Spending an hour on the car is more than enough to diagnose the problem. If I need extra time to find a fault, I will need to explain the customer in detail about the additional costs. My technician is appointed to diagnose the car; we are spending business hours in finding the fault with his car. That is an opportunity cost for us because we could be spending those hours fixing someone else’s car and earning money. If an arrangement is made with the customer where the technician drives the car to and from work, and driving during lunch breaks then this will be ethically more acceptable. The equipment, installed in the car, will record and diagnose the problem. The time my technician spends this way is not a burden on business hours. In this case, the total cost would come up for only two hours. The technician spent the first hour diagnosing the problem and did not find the fault. After that, the arrangement is made with the customer that my specialist will keep the car to find the problem. He will be driving the car to and from business and during lunch breaks. When he finds a fault, it will take probably less than an hour to fix it. So one hour for diagnosing and the other hour for fixing the problem would be charged from the customer. This method seems more professional than any of the other scenarios. What if you change every conceivable part that could cause this; would that be professional and ethical? If you cannot fix it, would it be more ethical to charge a nominal fee rather than what is due to you for services rendered? Changing every conceivable part is neither ethical nor professional. This way the customer will have to pay for the time consumed and the cost of new parts. Charging a nominal fee or for the services rendered will be an enormous burden on the client. The technician can use a 'trial and error' method, making educated guesses what the problem could be and then change that particular part.

Decision-Making Models And Leadership Theories Of Wal-Mart Research Paper

Decision-Making Models And Leadership Theories Of Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example The leadership concepts and decision-making models will be critically analyzed. Wal-Mart is among the leading American multinational retail corporation that operates warehouses and discount stores (Nandagopal & Sankar, 2009). It has created numerous employment opportunities within the United States and across the world. However, a majority of its workers live below the poverty line due to its poor pay and poor styles of leadership. The company has been criticized by a number of groups such as labor unions. There have been protests against the company’s policies as well as business practices. Racial and gender intolerance is yet another area that sees the company face a lot of criticism Poor leadership is the main organizational problem that has affected the operations of the company. The leadership at the company has been involved in various unethical practices as well as failure to address the issues facing the employees. The management staff is the key stakeholders in the problem. This problem has been going on for a long period of time until a bribery scandal at the company was revealed in 2012. This problem is attributed to poor leadership at the company and it affecting the brand image of the company. The poor leadership at the company has impacted negatively on the other internal stakeholders within the company (Albareda, et al, 2008). The employees of the company have been greatly affected as the management has been unable to address their welfare problems. The employees are being paid poorly despite being subjected to a huge workforce. The values and behaviors of the organization have also been affected by the poor leadership. The ethical values of the org anization have been compromised by the widespread corruption at the company. The public image of the company has also been affected by the corruption scandals and poor leadership.

Australian Gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Australian Gas - Essay Example Dividends during that time have grown from 52 cents per share to 63 cents per share (93 cents per share in 2005 which includes a special 30 cent dividend). That is approximately 5% dividend growth per year. Earnings per share (excluding extraordinary items) during the last three years has grown from 73 cents per share in 2003 to 79 in 2004 and 84 cents per share in 2005 (the last year full figures are available), which is an average growth rate of just over 7% per year. Underlying profit (excluding significant items) grew from $351 million to $386 million just over 6% growth for the year. EBIT remained steady at approximately 13.6% of funds employed. Total liabilities dropped from $3.4 billion to $2.6 billion a 22% drop. The debt to equity ratio dropped significantly dropping from over 40% in 2004 to approximately 27% in 2005. The price to earnings ratio during the last three years has remained relatively stable as well. In February 2003 the stock was trading at about 10.00 per share and had earnings of 73 cents that gave it a P/E of approximately 14. In February 2004 the stock was trading at just over 11.00 per share and had earnings of 79 which kept the P/E very close to 14 and in February of 2005 the stock was trading at approximately 13.25 per share and had earnings of 84 cents. This caused the P/E to jump slightly to approximately 16 which was still well within the average P/E of other gas and electric companies. RISKSThere are a myriad of risk factors for this company, including (but not limited to): rates being set by the regulatory board that are not in line with company expectations, a vote by shareholders that halts the planned divestiture of AGL energy and AGL infrastructure into two separate entities, the ongoing environmental investigations and standards that need to be met and of course a more consistent weather pattern that lowers the demand for electricity or natural gas.The rates that are currently being considered are in line with industry standards and though there are a number of rate revisions being considered by the regulatory commission the company feels that the recent trend has been for the governing board to take a light approach, not a heavy handed approach to rate increases. This bodes well for the company.The divestiture of AGL energy into a separate entity is viewed by most experts to be a good decision and profitable for the shareholders. Recent surveys show that the majority of shareholders are planning to vote for the divestiture and subsequent merger at the shareholders meeting in October 2006. The company is committed to a clean environment and recently began to draw up plans for the

The board of Comvitea Ltd appears to be committed to principles of Essay

The board of Comvitea Ltd appears to be committed to principles of good corporate governance - Essay Example The company was established in the year 1970 and is situated in the Bay of Plenty in New Zealand. Comvita is learnt to be dedicated towards manufacturing innovative natural health care products (Comvita Limited and its subsidiaries, 2012). This discussion will attempt to gain a comprehension regarding the process of corporate governance in Comvita and the way the company manages and controls its governance aspect in relation to its business operations. Issue of Corporate Governance in New Zealand Corporate governance practices and guidelines in the business environment of New Zealand are provided utmost importance and strong emphasis. Effective corporate governance is considered to be quite necessary not only for companies operating in the public sector but is also deemed to be required for other corporate entities as well. There are certain attributes with regard to the economy of New Zealand (NZ) which represents a unique view in terms of the corporate governance debate. The facet of corporate governance of foreign countries is known to remain particularly concentrated in public listed companies but in NZ, majority of the business entities are learnt to basically focus on corporate governance for both public as well as private companies. ... The issues are: Ethical Conduct: This comprises the code of ethics, which a company adopts as a set of behavioral corporate guidelines Board Composition and Performance: This relates to the role of independent directors and the matter regarding a company’s certification Board Committees: It pertains to the composition of committee members within a company Reporting and Disclosure: It signifies the need of quarterly information for the purpose of certification of the financial statements Remuneration: It relates to the issues regarding fundamental pay scale reimbursement of directors and executives Risk Management: This aspect involves the disclosure of financial statements Auditors: This factor relates to the element of risk associated with the nature of objectivity prevailing between an auditor and client Shareholder Relation: This facet involves the relation between shareholder, company and public Stakeholder Interest: This entails the interest of the stakeholders Corporate Governance: Comvita The board as well as executives of Comvita is supposed to be dedicated towards the execution of the business functions ethically in order to maintain the effectual standard of corporate governance (Comvita Limited and its subsidiaries, 2012). The company i.e. Comvita constantly attempts to effectively and increasingly follow the effective practices of corporate governance for their business operations. The effective practice of guidelines recognised by the company with regard to its corporate governance related approach are the ‘New Zealand Exchange (NZX) Listing Rules’, NZX corporate governance ethical practice code and the NZ ‘Securities Commission’ Corporate Governance guidelines and practices (Comvita Limited and its subsidiaries, 2012). Principle 1: Ethical

The concept of death in Judaism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The concept of death in Judaism - Research Paper Example The concept of death is an important one in most religions of the world. In most religions, it is given an importance that is rivalled only by death and marriage. The different rituals that surround death and the theories regarding what happens following death also affirm its importance. These attest to the fact that death is something that not only affects an individual but also the society as we know it today. Judaism is a religion that can be considered to be one that is a part of western cultures and societies. There are many people in western countries who are adherents of the Jewish religion and it can thus, be regarded as a western religion as well. The concept of death in Judaism, like in most other religions of the world, is a very clearly elucidated one. The concept of afterlife influences the Jewish understanding of death to a great extent. Death in this case ceases to be a full stop in the life of a soul but a new beginning. The death of a person thus marks the end of the life on earth but the beginning of another in another sphere. The quality of this life would be based on the deeds that had been performed by the person during his or her earthly life (Rich). This understanding of death is very similar to the ideas of death that are held by Islam and Christianity; thereby revealing the great commonalities that these religions have amongst themselves. The importance of death is not lessened as a result of the fact that a note of finality is not struck with this event. The end of the earthly life brings with it the necessity of having to judge the earthly life that had just passed. Apart from this, it also brings in the aspect of the earthly worth of the deceased. Many of the Jewish practices that follow death are connected to the social aspect of it. The practice of mourning for the dead, for instance, is for the benefit of the memory of the dead and for the consolation of the people who were close to the deceased (Rich). The importance that is give n to memory as a part of the rituals connected to death makes it clear that Judaism places importance on the rituals connected with death for the society as much as for the family and friends of the deceased. The importance that is thus given seeks to cement the place of the deceased in the collective memory of the society that he or she was a part of during their lifetime. As a result of the individual spiritual and social aspects of the practices that are connected to death in Judaism, these rituals are carried out in such a way that shows great respect for the body of the person who has died. This fact makes the social aspect of the death in the religion more pronounced. The society has to conduct the rituals of the funeral with great care and many details are given instructions for as to how to deal with. The people who are supposed to take care of the body of the dead person are supposed to be volunteers who work for a person who would be unable to do anything in return for the services that are rendered by the volunteers. These people, the â€Å"shomerim†, are not allowed to eat or drink while they are in the presence of the dead body. This is considered to be an act of a lack of respect towards the deceased as they would not be able to do these activities. The work of such volunteer is considered to be of great merit. The work of such a volunteer thus, sets off a chain where people would do this work so as to gain a certain amount of merit for the afterlife. Death and afterlife thus have a great effect on the activities of mankind. The office of the shomerim

The Phase of Student Age From Personal Experience Essay

The Phase of Student Age From Personal Experience - Essay Example The essay "The Phase of Student Age From Personal Experience" talks about the student age which often is referred as the golden age of a person’s life. This golden age, as we are provided with it, doesn’t hold all the goods in it. As a student, we are faced with all the different challenges of life like any other struggling person. Then why call it a golden age? It’s because of the experiences that we get to go through being a student. Studying in an institute getting to know people with mutual interests and goals in life and working under a superior who will help us guide to the aim of our life, this doesn’t happen in any other aspect of life where one gets to meet so many people who are trying to do the same thing. It is through these facets of the golden age that we get to learn so many things as a student. We are provided different challenges working as an individual and managing work in a group. The friendship that we have and how it is put to test when the same pals get to be rivals of each other. I learned that working as an individual has its advantages it also has some disadvantage. Nothing is perfect and doesn’t come with all pros. When I mention the pros for working as an individual I would foremost like to mention that when one is working alone, they have all the authority to themselves. They can make decisions and wouldn’t have to argue with anyone about following them. They are the leader and they are the follower. They set their own rules and then act upon them according to their desires.

The concept of death in Judaism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The concept of death in Judaism - Research Paper Example The concept of death is an important one in most religions of the world. In most religions, it is given an importance that is rivalled only by death and marriage. The different rituals that surround death and the theories regarding what happens following death also affirm its importance. These attest to the fact that death is something that not only affects an individual but also the society as we know it today. Judaism is a religion that can be considered to be one that is a part of western cultures and societies. There are many people in western countries who are adherents of the Jewish religion and it can thus, be regarded as a western religion as well. The concept of death in Judaism, like in most other religions of the world, is a very clearly elucidated one. The concept of afterlife influences the Jewish understanding of death to a great extent. Death in this case ceases to be a full stop in the life of a soul but a new beginning. The death of a person thus marks the end of the life on earth but the beginning of another in another sphere. The quality of this life would be based on the deeds that had been performed by the person during his or her earthly life (Rich). This understanding of death is very similar to the ideas of death that are held by Islam and Christianity; thereby revealing the great commonalities that these religions have amongst themselves. The importance of death is not lessened as a result of the fact that a note of finality is not struck with this event. The end of the earthly life brings with it the necessity of having to judge the earthly life that had just passed. Apart from this, it also brings in the aspect of the earthly worth of the deceased. Many of the Jewish practices that follow death are connected to the social aspect of it. The practice of mourning for the dead, for instance, is for the benefit of the memory of the dead and for the consolation of the people who were close to the deceased (Rich). The importance that is give n to memory as a part of the rituals connected to death makes it clear that Judaism places importance on the rituals connected with death for the society as much as for the family and friends of the deceased. The importance that is thus given seeks to cement the place of the deceased in the collective memory of the society that he or she was a part of during their lifetime. As a result of the individual spiritual and social aspects of the practices that are connected to death in Judaism, these rituals are carried out in such a way that shows great respect for the body of the person who has died. This fact makes the social aspect of the death in the religion more pronounced. The society has to conduct the rituals of the funeral with great care and many details are given instructions for as to how to deal with. The people who are supposed to take care of the body of the dead person are supposed to be volunteers who work for a person who would be unable to do anything in return for the services that are rendered by the volunteers. These people, the â€Å"shomerim†, are not allowed to eat or drink while they are in the presence of the dead body. This is considered to be an act of a lack of respect towards the deceased as they would not be able to do these activities. The work of such volunteer is considered to be of great merit. The work of such a volunteer thus, sets off a chain where people would do this work so as to gain a certain amount of merit for the afterlife. Death and afterlife thus have a great effect on the activities of mankind. The office of the shomerim

The Inspectors Calls Essay Example for Free

The Inspectors Calls Essay Explore how effectively Priestly delivers his moral message by analysing the roles of the inspector and Mr Birling An Egalitarian would believe that everyone should be equal, either financially or socially. An Egalitarian would want the treatment of everybody to be positive, fair and the same hence we are members of one body they believe there should be no segregation for who they are. These are views of the inspector. He cares about the working middle class of society because of the way he feels theyre being treated in life. A perfect example of this is Eva Smith. Shes a working class woman that struggles and work, to try and get a decent lifestyle compared to the upper class capitalists. Capitalist views are basically about money, business, profit, their financial needs and themselves. They are very self-cantered arrogant. Just like Mr Birling. The Capitalist views are obviously put into practise in him and his family. For one, Mr Birling cares very much about his business and money. This is shown by the situation with Eva Smith and his employers. He refuses to give a small pay rise. They wanted the rates raised so that they could average about twenty-five shillings a week. I refused, of course. This results to Mr Birling taking the first sinful act towards Eva smith. Unlike Mr Birling his old fashioned views, the inspector shows that he cares about the working class by investing Eva Smiths case and making everyone of the Birling family feel bad to see what they did wrong. He keeps on implying what they did wrong how they affected Eva but youre partly to blame. just as your father is, (harshly) Yes. But you cant. its too late. This represents what their beliefs are and how it affects the working class. Because of Mr Billings selfishness profiting thoughts, he sacks Eva. Id agreed to this demand for a new rate wed have added about twelve per cent to our labour costs So I refused. and if they didnt like those rates, they could go work somewhere else He affects her by putting her out of a job, earning no money while he doesnt think twice about her after that and goes about his business, She had a lot to say far too much -so she had to go unlike the inspector and his views. He wants to achieve recognition of the way the working class are being treated. When the word Goole comes to mind, it can mean different function and meanings. Goole sounds as if it was mysterious ghostly characteristics, sound to the word. It can also sound as if it was said with authority. That could represent a judge, a truthful person and it actually comes into play with the inspector. He tells makes the truth come out, as if he serves justice to Eva Smith and the working class. He makes retribution to Eva and slightly revengeful towards the Birling family on the behalf of Eva Smith. With the inspector as well, he can be shown as a fantasy character. He is there with the family, asking questions about something that hasnt even happened yet, but when Gerald goes out and asks about him outside. I met a police sergeantthere wasnt any Inspector Goole or anybody like him on the force. They havent even heard of the inspector. He doesnt exist. This could represent an illusion. The Inspector is shown in the play to be final, significant, decisive and strong minded. He knows what hes doing. Hes intelligent, he speaks when its necessary and in addition he is in control, for instance, he shows the photograph of Eva Smith to the person he is referring to. Not anybody else (INSPECTOR takes a photograph, about postcard size, out of his pocket and goes to BIRLING. Both GERALD and ERIC rise to have a look at the photograph, but the INSPECTOR interposes himself between them and the photograph.) Hes not the head of the house hold or an upper class figure, but he stays in control unlike Mr Birling. Mr Birling is narrow minded nonsensical, Gibberish within form of lectures. He talks about historical periods/ events which happened the titanic said that it will be unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable but in fact, what he said was incorrect. The Titanic actually did sink. Priestly presents these two characters to reflect whats happening in his society in that time. Mr Birling is obviously portrayed to be the higher class (with little things such as having a butler, being friends with people with a higher social status and playing golf) Priestly makes them come across as a self centered, cold hearted, nonsensical man. This portrays what he thinks about the upper class where as The Inspector is caring but stern, purposeful as well, he represents the middle working class. Priestly portrays The Inspector as if he was a messenger, to deliver his ward to the upper class society. He wanted to make the audience see what was happening and the effect/consequences of the strong class divisions and to give his opinion of what he thought of the divisions. Mr Birling is revealed to be inconsiderate, stuck up character. You can see this by what he says Nothing to do with you run alongto Sheila and to the inspectorI dont like your tone (rather angrily impatiently and sharply). All of these show his emotions personality because hes a capitalist, he is used to luxury and hes grown up to look down on the lower class. The stage directions gives us, the readers a visual image of what Mr Birlings doing whether its the way he talks, walks, facial expression, body language or style. Mr Birling body language seems to be stiff, enclosed just by how he is described in the text by the use of language for his character. She looks attentive just after Mr Birling mentions this concerns you too compared to him, The Inspector is a purposeful, stern observing. He looks at everybody and judges everyone by looking hard at each person, as if he was scanning the persons database of personality history. He is purposeful Creates at once an impression of a m assiveness, solidity purposefulness. Priestly wants us to feel different emotions towards them. He wants us to make us see where they are coming from, what their problems are to feel how other people reacts with them e.g. Sheila. Sheila is Mr Birlings daughter even though she added another situation/sin on top of all thats been happening to Eva, unlike the others, she shows remorse when she says: no, not really, it was my own fault. she looks at it closely, recognises it [the picture of Eva] with a little cry and then runs out. Sheila is different to the others because she is the only one that shows remorse guilt and confesses that it was her own fault. Overall he wants the audience to feel each characters personality, attitude, and their way of seeing thing. if the reader gets that, they will see his message. At first the mood of the house is calm, formal, subtle joyful because they are celebrating the engagement. Everything is going according to plan; they have all had a good dinner, are celebrating a special occasion are quite pleased with themselves. The room is bright and nothing rude has been said but, when the inspector comes in, the whole atmosphere and mood changes goes the opposite. Its starts quite dark, dull, definitely serious. He creates a heavy impression by just being himself. Someone with authority or someone to be with the law is always not good, so when that someone visits, people will start to feel uncomfortable and slightly distressed. The topics changes to Eva. The inspector jumps right to the point saying (two hours ago a young woman died in the infirmaryshed swallowed a lot of strong disinfectant. Burnt her inside out, that girl being Eva. He tells the truth and he says it how it is. Because the family are upper class, they would not expect this behaviour, they are not used to anybody speaking to them in that manner, so the react shocked and offended. Eventually the celebration party turns into a confession meeting. After everything has happened in act one, all the family sins come out and all are dreading about whats going to happen next. Mr Birling has the control of the household at the start. You would expect this because hes the man/head of the family (father husband), he earns the highest salary in the family, hes a man he is an honourable man (seen by his family and friends) because of his wealth, business social status. Everyone pays attention to him. Hes also respected by his family, but when the inspector comes in, the authority instantly flips over to the inspector because he is a representative of the police and the law ( the Inspector needs not to be a big man bit he creates at once on impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness ). When people sees this they will always set the person below the authority figure, in this case, Mr Birling is the underdog and the inspector comes out on top. They would want to know why he is there, what does he want to know and try to get him away as soon as possible. Even Mr Birling abides and obeys him as any other person in the room. This brings down his control level. The inspector also holds control by little thing he does for example: He only shows the photograph between himself and Mr Birling. Everybody else wants to see it but he refuses and does this for a reason, To show an act of authority. Another act is when he lets each character admit their sins towards Eva Smith, but not at once. He controls them by asking questions they unravel themselves, there story they realize they are wrong, to a certain extent he has the ability to make Sheila breakdown (she almost breaks down, but just controls herself)and so he has a play of their emotions Just towards the end of act 1. Mr and Mrs Birling contribute to Evas death by having a large negative impact on the reasons why. Mr Birling sacked Eva for going on strike and standing up for her opinions for a little pay rise. Mr Birling escalates the situation into a bigger thing then it is. It makes him do drastic things. This is the same with Mrs Birling. Both of them refuse anything to do with Eva her death. They define responsibility whatsoever with her. They are more cold-hearted, uncaring than Eric and Sheila. Eric and Sheila show sympathy and remorse, for instance, Sheila and Eric show remorse devastation when they recognise her from the picture or her name/s (Eva Smith/Daisy Renton) ,(QUOTE). They totally understand and take responsibility for what they did wrong. Eric Confesses on what happened with him and Eva he turns out to be the most honest he has the most positive impact then others (quote). Mr Mrs Birling thinks that the investigation that the inspector carries out is inappropriate (quote). Theyre not used to being questioned, let alone with an inspector. Sheila doesnt really act shocked but because shes so isolated and protected she has become young, naive, innocent, vulnerable and blind to the real society and she doesnt see the consequences of the actions that she does, she doesnt see the affects, therefore she is not used to being involved in theses conversations, let alone an investigation. Eric, however, takes it as a shock when he realises the situation and how Eva felt about him in their relationship that they had. Sheila and Eric feel some sort of indication of remorse regret by being worried and not refusing the blame compared to Mr and Mrs Birling who doesnt show any respect or guilt. They are absolutely fixed on theyre not responsible for it. They do not show any signs of that. The audience are expected to feel negative emotions and thoughts towards Mr Mrs Birling because by them not caring about their contributions towards others. Mr Birling has a snobbish personality and feels like he has got the right to look down on everybody and disrespect them. towards Mrs Birling, I think a negative feeling to her would be expected. She too, is as bad as Mr Birling, because she chose not to help Eva smith because of her pride and shame. Both of them represent the upper class and they are represented as bad. For Sheila, Eric and Gerald, the audience will have a feeling of sympathy because they realised what they did wrong and they took responsibility. I think the audience feel changed by the ending result because everything is unravelled and they all eventually realise what they have done. The hint of mystery i.e. the inspector and the actual situation with Eva themselves gives a mysterious edge to it As a reader I feel towards Eva, a sad, sympathetic feeling towards her because if back in time, women were being treated like that, its not pleasant although towards Eric and Gerald I feel that there is hope, hope that they dont become like Mr Birling. They actually show a caring side to Eva. Sheila, I thought she was a spoilt young woman and overprotected by her parents but now she has had reality check. I like her better than I did before.

Motivation Of Employees In Fierce Competition Business Essay

Motivation Of Employees In Fierce Competition Business Essay Due to the furious competition in different markets, ways to motivate employees can be seen as a key factor to companies, which has a significant value that should not be ignored by employers. Meanwhile, due to the highly competition between businesses, an improvement in employees creativeness and productivity will be more likely for companies to achieve the final goal. Therefore, companies should identify a motivation method that can be the best way for them to motivate staff, in order to reduce absenteeism and dissatisfaction problems. There are, however, a variety of methods to motivate workers, which can be classified into two typesfinancial, and non-financial motivation theories. Financial motivation methods, recommended in Taylors theories, value money and work conditions as the best way to encourage employees. The other type is non-financial methods, which was recommended in Mayos theories, stresses satisfying employees higher-level motivational needs. Maslows theory different iates needs into different levels, including basic and higher-level needs, and Herzberg developed a two-factor theory, which combines the two types of methods suggesting a combination would be necessary. Based on a series of analyses and comparisons, it is suggested that a mixture of both financial and non-financial motivational methods would be the most effective in increasing employees motivation and productivity. According to financial motivation theories, staff could be mainly motivated by financial rewards, such as salary, bonus and fringe benefits which are highly recommended in the lower level needs of Maslows theories and Taylors Scientific Management theory. There are, however, some defects in their theories that have been found in practice. (Hall et al, 2008) Figure 1: Maslow Hierarchy of needs (Docsiva, 2009) According to Maslows theory, a desirable payment, a comfortable work conditions or a good protection system for employees rights will lead to an increase of employees work motivation. As shown in Figure 1, physiological needs and safety needs are at the bottom of the pyramid, which means, salaries, food, security and physical protection are rudimentary needs for employees. According to Hall, et al (2008), fringe benefits is one of the financial methods which is defined as an extra payment besides wages or salaries, such as health care or pension would works as a useful financial motivation for employees to increase their work productivity. Air Product, the supplier of industrial gas, provides its staff with free yoga classes, skill training courses, and free annual medical checks to improve employees satisfaction (Hall et al, 2008) Cecilia, an employee in Air Product, said that her expertise and belongingness have been improved by these training courses in the company. (Air Products, 2009) All in all, motivated workers tend to make a greater effort at work to earn the financial rewards, which will in turn have a positive result in the companys profit growth. Another supporter of financial motivation is the father of Scientific Management Taylor, who argued that money can motivate staff most effectively. In Taylors theory, piece rate is another financial reward which argued that employers should make payments to workers based on the amount of work done by each employee in order to boost productivity. Taylors statement, however, seems to describe employees as machines without feelings or needs. (Hall et al, 2008) As Tutor2u (2009) stated, Taylors theory completely ignores other needs of workers, which may leads to problems of dissatisfaction or discouragement some employees. From a more comprehensive perspective, financial motivation can obviously encourage staff by giving them good payment or fringe benefits, but financial rewards cannot meet their psychological needs. Differing from financial motivation, non-financial methods, such as empowerment and team working can satisfy employees psychological needs which were recommended in Maslows upper level needs and Elton Mayo human relations theory. (Hall. et al, 2008) Non-financial motivation can be more valuable to employees in meeting their upper-level needs, which includes love and belong, esteem needs and self-actualization in Maslows pyramid. Based on Hall et al (2008), employee sense of community is at the fourth level (esteem needs) of Maslows pyramid which allows employees to be trusted and valued in the companies where they works in, therefore encouraged employees will be more productivity. Empowerment is one of the non-financial methods, which has a significantly effect on motivating the workforce by allowing them to take part in the decision making of a company. These ideas also are recommended by Mayos human relations theory. (Hall et al, 2008) Furthermore, teamwork is another way for companies to motivate their staff, which satisfies the third level needs in Maslows theories (love belong). In this situation, employees will be distributed into different groups and work together, so that employees can learn more professional skills from their partners and share responsibility in their teams. To demonstrate the effectiveness of teamwork, Hall et al (2008) also stated that cooperation between employees in team working can lead to an efficient working process and a higher chance to succeed at work. According to Free online research papers (2009), Starbucks usually provides an interactive and cooperative atmosphere for their employees, which can help them share responsibility in works and prevent them from getting bored. To look at another example, teamwork has been put into Volvos Uddevalla. Workers in each individual team are skilled enough to produce cars in time, hence, stocks has been avoided in this situation and the productivity has been increased (Ake, 2007) Therefore, employees in teamwork and empowerment systems will make a greater effort to achieve their companies goals because they all feel responsible and encouraged from their work. Employees cannot work without giving them pay; however, they are more likely feel dissatisfied if the companies overlook their psychological needs. As a result, a mixture of non-financial motivation methods and financial motivation methods can lead to higher productivity. Herzberg, another motivation professor, developed two-factor theory which considers both financial and non-financial motivation factors for the employees (Hall et al., 2008). Firstly, Herzberg analyzed numerous cases in which companies motivated the staff by recognizing their effort and giving the workers confidence which can be seen as non-financial motivation. Secondly, Herzberg stated that companies can boost employees productivity by improving hygiene and maintenance conditions, such as good canteens or free medical checks, which are considered to financial motivation (Hall et al., 2008) Employees may be satisfied by a good work environment, for instance, the largest business software producer, SAP, primarily mo tivated its staff with a good money payment, however, in order to encourages staff, SAP now also provides a free lunch, health care and a team work environment to each employee which adequately enhance employees satisfaction. (BBC News, 2003) Take Savoir Beds is another example which is a small company produces high quality beds. According to BBC News (2003), employees in Take Savoir Bed were motivated by pride in their work rather than bonuses. Therefore, besides money payment and good physiological conditions, communication such as teamwork or feeling can also motivate employees to work more efficiently. To sum up, financial methods motivate employees by salaries, fringe benefits and good conditions, however, non-financial methods such as empowerment, team working and esteem will provide an intrinsic motivation to the staff to work. It is suggested that companies should satisfy both physiological needs and psychological needs to motivate their employees to work more efficiently. As mentioned above, different types of companies should consider different motivation methods. Manufactories can use financial motivation methods due to most of their employees are low-income. Employees with higher income should be motivated with non-financial motivational methods to increase their productivity and work efficiency. Sometimes an attractive payment cannot really motivate the workers in the long run, therefore, it is also necessary for companies to satisfy their employees psychological needs to increase productivity and maximize their profits.

Quebec Sovereignty Movement :: essays research papers

The Quebec sovereignty movement has been going on for over 50 years, and it seems, may never rest until complete. So why not let them go? How would that impact other Canadians living outside of Quebec? True, Quebec has been part of Canada since confederation in 1867, and helps connect Canada from sea to sea (as MacDonald would put it). However, Quebec is much like a foreign country anyway, with its own language, culture and civil law. The majority of Canadians in the western provinces would welcome their sovereignty. Quebec is Canada’s spoiled child. They demand to be treated as a â€Å"distinct† society, and cry for their own language, more money, more rights, and special treatment. Because a large percentage of voters are in Quebec, our Government continues to be blackmailed by Quebec, and gives into the demands. Why should Quebec receive more than other provinces? The next few paragraphs will discuss how the separation movement started and how Quebec leaving would affect us everyday Canadians. The separatist movement all started just before the 1960’s when Maurice Duplesiss, the conservative Premiere of Quebec, died suddenly. Shortly afterwards, his successor, and newly appointed premiere, also passed on . The death of these two premieres was referred by historians as the start of the Quiet Revolution, and a period of rapid change in the province of Quebec. Soon after the death of the two conservative premieres, a liberal government was elected in the 1960 Provincial Election. The party was led by Jean Lesage, who quickly went to work by imposing a Quebec education system that replaced the Canadian government run educational plan. Major funding was put into the schools and several improvements were developed. On the economic level, the government looked for francophone to control the economic spectrum of Quebec, which prior to the revolution, was largely dominated by English-Speaking Canadians. The new government brought forward a new way of thinking for citizens of Quebec. There was a cultural shift from a Canadian identity to a separated society throughout the province. French-Canadians were now Quà ©bà ©cois, and a new identity was formed. The province took care of its own, this was the creation on an Etats-Providence (welfare state). In the 1962 Provincial Election, another liberal premiere was elected by the name of Rene Levesque, who would go on to found the Parti Quà ©bà ©cois (a party focusing on a Quebec Sovereignty as its primary goal).

Analysis of The Rape of the Lock :: Rape Of The Lock Essays

Analysis of The Rape of the Lock The destruction of the grand style of the epic is just what Pope was after in his mock epic, "The Rape of the Lock." Pope had no such universal goal, or moral pronouncements to make as did Milton. His purpose was merely to expose the life of the nobility of his time. While Milton chose blank verse to express the immensity of the landscape of his epic, Pope chose to utilize the heroic couplet to trivialize this grandeur. Pope's quick wit bounces the reader along his detailed description of his parlor-room epic. His content is purposefully trivial, his scope purposefully thin, his style purposefully light-hearted, and therefore his choice of form purposefully geared toward the smooth, natural rhythm of the heroic couplet. The caesura, the end-stopped lines, and the perfect rhymes lend the exact amount of manners and gaiety to his work. Writing for a society that values appearances and social frivolities, he uses these various modes of behavior to call attention to the behavior itself. Pope compares and contrasts. He places significant life factors (i.e., survival, death, etc.) side by side with the trivial (although not to Belinda and her friends: love letters, accessories). Although Pope is definitely pointing to the "lightness" of the social life of the privileged, he also recognizes their sincerity in attempting to be polite and well-mannered and pretend to recognize where the true values lie. Pope satirizes female vanity. He wrote the poem at the request of his friend, John Caryll, in an effort to make peace between real-life lovers. The incident of the lock of hair was factual; Pope's intention was to dilute with humor the ill feelings aroused by the affair. He was, in fact, putting a minor incident into perspective, and to this end, chose a mock-heroic form, composing the poem as a "take-off" epic poetry, particularly the work of Milton. He is inviting the individuals involved to laugh at themselves, to see how emotion had inflated their response to what was really an event of no consequence. For the reader, the incident becomes a statement about human folly, a lesson on female vanity, and a satire of the rituals of courtship. Perhaps Pope also intended to comment on the meaningless lives of the upper classes.

Geological History Of Adair Park South West Arizona

I. On Saturday, November 16, 2013, our Geology class went to Adair Park Yuma Arizona on our adventure of a lifetime. The point of the trip was to view real life examples of some of the things that we have studied over the course of this semester. Actually being able to see examples of such things as cross-bedding dikes, unconformities, folds faults and various sedimentary features. II. The first stop of the field trip was to look at the Gneiss. The Gneiss has been around for about 1. 6 bilion years. The probable type of contact metamorphism The general term for all such incorporated bodies is inclusions.Xenoliths are usually reconstituted through the processes of contact metamorphism, in which heat and fluids cause mineralogic and chemical changes in the parent rock of the xenolith; a study of these changes can give information on the temperature and composition of the magmatic body. The mineral compostition that what we could see were Biotite, Muscovite and quartz. The other signifi cant feature the dikes(white) that was younger in the cross cuting through the Gneiss. III. The second stop of this field trip was to look at the Granite. The Granite and has been here for around 1. 4 billion years.The type of rock Granite which is Igneous with a funeratic course grined, with grains visible on fresh surface. The type of mineral composition in the Granite is Orthoclase, Quartz and Biotite. IV. The third stop of this field trip was to look at the Pegimatite. The Pegmatite has been around for about 73 million years. Pegmatite is very coarse granite. Pematieites are thought to form from the bolatile low-denisity fluids that crystallize last from the grainitic magma. V. The fourth stop of this field trip was to look at the Red Beds. The red beds have been in the area around 20-30 million years old.The steep cliffs of Adair Park and the surrounding lowlands offer breathtaking exposures of the lower subunit–the red conglomerates/breccias and gypsum. These red-bed de posits are composed of interbedded breccias, conglomerates, sandstones. In other areas it commonly forms a medium thin, dirty, discontinous bed up to 10 – 60 cm thin beds are usually well sorted, clast-supported, commonly normally graded.The conglomerates are also thinly bedded and clast-supported, but are moderately well-sorted to poorly sorted and contain an abundance of angular to well-rounded quartz, feldspar,  calcite, granite and gneiss. metamorphic, and mafic volcanic clasts. The conglomerates can generally be distingushed from the breccias by their well-bedded nature. VI. The fifth stop of this field trip was to look at the Green/Tan Beds. The green and tan beds have been in the area around 20-30 million years old. These green and tan bed deposits are compsed of gypum. On other areias it commony forms a thin disconintuous bed up to 10 cm thin are usually well sorted , clast-supported commonly normally well sorted, commonly normally graded.The gypsum are also thinly bedded and poorly sorted, but are mederately  well-sorted to poorly sorted and contain an abundance of angular calcite, and hornblend. See Figure 2. VII. The sixth stop of this field trip was to look at the diobase dike. This diobase dike have been here less than 10 million years. The diobase dike are composed of a metamorphic- plutonic basement that is overlain by middle Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks.. Much of thesedimentary sequence was deposited before the onset of volcanism and tectonism, although the local presence of clasts of volcanic origin suggests at least some synchroneity.The sedimentary rocks are commonly in low-angle normal fault contact  with underlying basement rocks. Gentle folding and warping, along with poorly developed cleavage, are generally present. Tertiary volcanic rocks are dominantly intermediate to mafic flows with lesser amounts of pyroclastic material. Olivine, augmite and green poroxy is largely altered. See Figure 1. VIII. The seventh sto p of this trip was to look at the Terrace Gravels. The terrace gravels have been around for around 200,000 years. An angular unconfomity of Adar formation with the overlying terrace gravels. In some place of Adair park the terrace gravels can be as much as 200 feet thick.The were mountains that used to be in the area but with water erosion the mountains dispareared. Bajada, ( Spanish: â€Å"slope†: ) is a broad slope of debris spread along the lower slopes of mountains by descending streams, usually found in arid or semiarid climates; the term was adopted because of its use in the U. S. Southwest. A bajada is often formed by the coalescing of several alluvial fans. Such coalescent fans are often mistaken for erosional landforms known as pediments. The repeated shifting of a debouching stream from one side of a fan to the other spreads the sediment widely and almost  uniformly.As the sediment eventually grows together, the slope may extend outward from the mountain front to a distance of several kilometres. A bajada is usually composed of gravelly alluvium and may even have large boulders interbedded in it. XL. Inconclusion the field trip really helped me learn some of the stuff that we studied during this course being able to see some real examples and havintg them explained to us. This has been fun class any your are great professor. I appreciate your sense of humor during the class and your attempt to make learning fun.